Adding Fractions

What is a fraction? A fraction is a part of a whole.

If it helps, in these explanations at least, think of these fractions as quarters and the whole number as ONE DOLLAR.

When adding fractions, make sure the bottom numbers are all the same. After that, only ONE (of three) things can happen.


Top number and bottom number are the same

The bottom number must be the same in all the fractions: 2/4 + 2/4 = 4/4
Do the addition using the top numbers: 2/4 + 2/4 = 4/4
Look at the answer: 4/4
Top and bottom are the same? Answer is always "1": 1




Top number is bigger than the bottom number

The bottom number must be the same in all the fractions: 3/4 + 2/4 = 5/4
Do the addition using the top numbers: 3/4 + 2/4 = 5/4
Look at the answer: 5/4
Top is bigger than bottom? yes
We already know what 4/4 is: 1
What's left? 1/4
Answer: 1 - 1/4




Top number is smaller than the bottom number

The bottom number must be the same in all the fractions: 1/4 - 2/4 = 1/4
Do the addition using the top numbers: 1/4 - 2/4 = 3/4
Look at the answer. 3/4
Top is bigger than bottom? no
Then leave it be. The final answer is: 3/4